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Inversion Mental Model (Pre-Mortem)

mindset · medium · 15-20 min per decision or project

What is Inversion Mental Model (Pre-Mortem)?

Inversion, championed by Charlie Munger and traced to mathematician Carl Jacobi's maxim 'Invert, always invert,' is the practice of approaching problems backwards. Instead of asking 'How do I succeed?' you ask 'How could I fail?' then systematically avoid those paths. Gary Klein's 'pre-mortem' technique applies this to project planning. Research shows pre-mortems increase the ability to identify reasons for future outcomes by 30%.

Is there evidence for it?

EVIDENCEmoderate

How do you do Inversion Mental Model (Pre-Mortem)?

  1. 1.Before starting any important project or decision, imagine it has already failed spectacularly
  2. 2.Write down every specific reason it could have failed — be creative and honest, no reason is too unlikely
  3. 3.Rank the failure modes by probability and severity
  4. 4.For the top 3-5 failure modes, create a specific prevention plan or early warning signal
  5. 5.Apply inversion to daily decisions too: 'What would make this meeting a waste of time?' then do the opposite

How long does it take?

15-20 min per decision or project.

Is it hard to start?

medium.

Source: Charlie Munger (Poor Charlie's Almanack); Gary Klein, 'Performing a Project Premortem,' Harvard Business Review (2007)
mindset · decision-making · risk · planning · mental-models · munger
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